Polypharmacy is the practice of utilizing several medications simultaneously. While this scenario is rarely intentional or ill-intentioned, it can be hazardous and cause even more health issues. Polypharmacy generally happens when an individual is taking medication for multiple chronic conditions. Senior adults represent the demographic most likely to take prescriptions and are deemed to be at the highest risk. While no one should stop taking a prescribed medication without their doctor’s knowledge, there are ways to minimize the potential risks.

Every person, no matter their age or stage in life, should keep a comprehensive list of all the medications and supplements they are taking. While a single medication can absolutely provide benefits, these drugs do not act independently in the body. Everything an individual takes must be considered when making treatment choices.

Polypharmacy can pose substantial risks to seniors, such as:

Significant side effects, as reactions to medication can increase with age
Dangerous interactions may cause side effects not associated with either drug on its own
Lowered efficacy of one medication due to the metabolic actions of one of the other medications
Anxiety regarding medication management, resulting in improper or missed dosage schedules

What Causes Polypharmacy

Polypharmacy is not uncommon, especially in the older population. Often, seniors are required to take multiple medications to manage several simultaneous medical issues. While these medications may be helpful when taken individually, there are situations that can cause problems. Polypharmacy may take place for various reasons.

Prescribing cascades: A “prescribing cascade” happens when patients are prescribed a medication to counteract the unpleasant side effects of another medication – or to counteract an interaction between two or more other medications.
Disconnected medical care: Sometimes, a medical provider is involved in an individual’s care for only a short period of time, such as during an emergency. These professionals may prescribe a drug that impedes the effect of a medication already in use.
Pharmacy changes: If prescriptions are fulfilled at various pharmacies, they may not possess a comprehensive list of all of their patient’s medication. Drug interactions may occur under the radar when the combination would have caused concern if filled at a single location.

How to Avoid Issues

There are several tips we can provide to help your senior family member to avoid polypharmacy:

Select a primary care provider and attend routine appointments to coordinate all medications and treatments. This primary healthcare provider should be abreast of any new medical issues, other healthcare providers, and any supplements and drugs being taken. This primary doctor will be responsible for detecting signs and symptoms of polypharmacy and adjusting medications as required.
Create a list of all medications and supplements and adjust for updates frequently. Bring the list to all medical appointments and provide it to care providers to check for any potential complications or contraindications.
Consult with the pharmacist regarding any potential drug interactions, and provide them with a prescription list. This is crucial if medications are fulfilled at more than one pharmacy.
Continue with all prescribed medication as instructed until approval to do otherwise is obtained from the healthcare provider. While polypharmacy can result in damage, medication adherence is critical.

Anyone can become confused by medical terminology and pharmaceutical instructions, but the elderly population is especially vulnerable to polypharmacy.

One of the primary benefits of assisted living is that your senior loved one will have professional supervision in every aspect of their day, including the management of their medication schedule. Assisted living may also be an excellent option if your family member requires assistance with daily tasks and ADLs.

A Banyan Residence is an assisted living and memory care facility located in The Villages.